直对我们认真的指导和监督,给我们指出了学习的方向,让我们可以按时的完成设计.
其次我要感谢四年来传授知识给我的各位老师,感谢他们四年来对我们的教导和关心,使我们具备了一定的专业知识和能力.
最后我还要感谢同学们,因为大家一起的努力,相互帮助学习,我们才可以在这四年的时光时快乐的学习.
八.参考文献
1)《网页设计与Web数据库发布技术》魏应彬周星编著清华大学出版社
2)《ASP开发实例》清汉计算机工作室编著机械工业出版社
3)《ASP实例演练之组建商务网站》洪传华编著中国电力出版社
4)《动态Web应用高级开发指南》康博创作室余波等编著人民邮电出版社
5)《ASP动态网站之旅》李福荣曹庆臻编著人民交通出版社
6)《ASP数据库开发实例解析》李严于亚芳王国辉编著机械工业出版社
附录1英文文献翻译
原文:
Givingpeoplewhattheywant:
Howtoinvolveusersinsitedesign
JeanetteFuccella,HumanFactorsEngineer,IBM
JackPizzolato,WebSiteDesigner,IBM
June1999
Abstract
HavingapresenceontheWebisnotthesameashavingasuccessfulWebsite.ToreapthefullbenefitsofanInternetinvestment,businessesshouldensuretheirsitesmeetuserexpectationsandareeasytonavigate.Withthetoolsandmethodspresentedhere,designerscanmeetthesedemandswithoutstrainingbudgetsorschedules.
Introduction
WhiletheaveragebusinesswillinglyinveststensofthousandsofdollarsinbuildingandadvertisingaWebsite,remarkablyfewtrytomakesurethesiteiseasytouse.TheresultisusuallyaWebsitethatfailstomeetusers'needs.
ApowerfulmethodfordesigningsuccessfulWebsites-sitesbasedonuserexpectationsandfeedback-doesexist.ThisrelativelystraightforwardmethodhasbeenusedwithintheIBMCorporationtocreateawidevarietyofintranetandInternetWebsites.It'sresultedinhighersatisfactionratings,increased"visit"rates,positivewrite-infeedback,andmostimportantly,longerdesignlife.Successfulformulasseldomneedchanging.
Theprocess-whichworksforbothexistingWebsitesandthosestillindevelopment-involvesfoursteps:
*Defineyouraudience
*Gathertheirrequirementsandtasks
*Organizetheinformation
*Createawireframeofthesite
BuildingausableWebsite
Thankstoa"user-centered"approachtosoftwaredesign,businessesexpectthesoftwaretheypurchasetobeeasytouse.Butwhydon'tthesesamebusinessesalsodemandthattheirWebsites-manyofwhichcostafortunetodevelop-alsobeeasytouse?
Inpart,it'sbecausemostbusinessesdon'tknowtheyshouldexpectit.Infact,mostWebsitedesignfirmsdon'tevenofferthatservice.Webdesignisstillafairlynewandemergingdiscipline.Asaresult,fewpublicationsdiscussintegratinguser-centereddesignintotheoverallWebdesignprocess.Regardless,Webusershaveevenlessincentivethansoftwareuserstolearntonavigateadifficultdesign.IfWebuserscan'tquicklyfindtheinformationthey'relookingforonasite,they'llleavethesite-andpossiblynotcomeback.Theexperiencecouldeventainttheuser'sperceptionofthebusinessitself,resultinginlostrevenue.
Toavoidsuchdisasters,we'veadoptedapracticalandtestedmeanstocreatethehigh-levelstructureofaWebsite.Theentireprocess-gearedtowardsimple,relativelyhierarchicalsites-isbasedonuserfeedbackandcanbecompletedwithintwotothreeweeks.Theresultisauser-validated"wireframe"ofthesitethattherestofthedesignteamcanthenfleshout.Thiswireframeisactuallyalow-fidelityversionoftheprojectedsiteandcanbequicklychangedandrefined.Becausewerelyonuserfeedbacktoresolvedesigndisputes,we'vefoundthisprocesshassignificantlyshortenedthedesignphaseofourdevelopmentcycle.
Beforemovingon,weshouldnotethatthefollowingstepsprovideonlyoneapproachtolettinguserfeedbackdrivethedesignofsites.Websitedesign,likesoftwaredesign,isacomplicatedprocesswithmanyvariables,andthisarticlewillnotbeabletocovereveryaspectofuser-centereddesignanditsroleinWebsitedesign.
Step1:Defineyouraudience
Aswithsoftwareinterfacedesign,it'shardtocreateusableandusefulWebsiteswithoutaclearpictureofthepeopleyouwanttouseit.Inmanyorganizations,themarketingteamdefinesthetargetaudience,butthisaudiencedefinitionmaynotbedetailedenoughtocreateacompetitiveWebsite.Infact,theWebaudiencemightbedifferentfromthenonWebaudiencethatmarketingtargetedinthepast.
Letyourusersdefinethemselves.Theeasiestandmostcost-effectivemeansforcollectingaudiencedefinitiondataistoconductasurvey.Althoughwe'renotgoingtoreviewmethodsforanalyzingsurveydatahere,youmayneedthefollowingtohelpyoudefineyouraudience:
*AnexperiencedCGIprogrammer.(Thismaybetheonlyrequirement,infact.)
*DatabasesoftwarethatprovidesaninterfacetotheWebtocollectandprocesssurveydata.(Notnecessary,butmayreducedemandsontheprogrammer.)
*Specializedsoftwarethatstreamlinesthesurveydistributionanddatacollectionprocess.(Recommendedforextremelylargeandcomplexsurveys).
Thereareessentiallytwomethodsforconductingasurvey:activeandpassive.
Activesurveycollectionassumesyouorsomeoneonyourteamwillactivelyrecruitpeopletocompleteyoursurvey.Onecommonmethodistoe-mailmembersofyourtargetaudienceandeithersendthemtheactualsurveyorpointthemtoaWebpagewheretheycanfilloutthesurvey.Ifthereisanexistingsite,ane-maildistributioncanbecreatedfromuserswhohavesentfeedbackorregisteredwiththesite(perhapstodownloadaproductorgetotherinformation).Ifyoudon'thavee-mailaddresses,youcanpurchaseane-maillistfromeitherapublishing/advertisingcompanyoracompanyspecializingintargetede-maildistributionlists.Youcanalsoseekoutplaceswhereyouraudienceislikelyto"hangout"-eithervirtuallyorphysically.Newsgroupsandmailinglistsaregoodvirtualhangouts.Usergroupmeetingsaregoodphysicalhangouts.
Passivesurveycollectionisaneasiermethodofdatacollection,butitrequiresanexistingsitetohostthesurvey.Forapassivesurvey,theWebsiteownermerelyplacesapointertothesurveyfromsomewhereonthesite(preferablythehomepage).YoucanalsotrybanneradvertisementsonotherWebsitestointerestusersinthesurvey,butwedon'trecommendthistechnique;itmaydrawusersthatwouldn'ttypicallyvisityoursite.
Withanytypeofsurveycollection,thenumberofrespondentscaneasilybeincreasedbyofferinganincentive.Theproblemwithincentives,however,isthattheycanattractanonrepresentativesamplingofthetotalpopulationvisitingthesite.
Asktherightquestions.Surveyquestionstypicallyfallintooneofthreecategori
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