es:
*Professionalprofile(Whatistheuser'sjobtitle,andwhatdoeshedoforaliving?)
*Surfingprofile(How,when,andwhydoesheusetheWebforjob-relatedinformation?)
*Siteusage(Whatdoestheuserlike/dislike?Whattaskswouldtheuserliketoperform?)
Ifthetargetaudienceforthesurveydoesn'tcurrentlyusetheWebsite,orifthesitehasnotyetbeendesigned,focusyoursite-usagequestionsontheprimarycompetitortoyoursite.
AneffectivesurveywillalsoaskwhattasksuserswouldliketoaccomplishthattheycannotcurrentlydousingtheWeb.Suchaquestionwillhelptoidentifytheprimaryusertasksforyoursite.
Beforedevelopingquestions,thesurveyauthormustclearlyunderstandhoweachpieceofdatagatheredwillassistinthedesignandcreationoftheWebsite.Thiswilleliminateextraneousquestionsorquestionsofmarginalvalue.Unnecessarilylongsurveysresultinincompleteresponses(particularlyifthere'snoincentivetoanswerquestions)andmighteven"turnoff"potentialWebsiteusers.Ontheotherhand,ifyouleaveoutimportantquestions,youmaynotgetanotherchancetoaskthosequestionsbeforeyouhavetocompleteyourdesign.Adequatetimeshouldbesetasideforallteammemberstoreviewthesurveyandtoprovideinput.
Step2:Gatheryourrequirementsandtasks
Afteryou'vegathereddataaboutthetargetaudience,yournextstepistodeterminewhatWebsitecontentisneeded.You'llaccomplishthisbyidentifyingandprioritizingcurrentandfuturetasksandrequirementsforthesite.
Inthisprocess,we'llrefertocontentrequirementsforthesiteas"objects."AWebsiteobjectisanypieceofinformationthatcanbefoundonaparticularWebsite.Theobjectsaredefinedbythesitedesignerandcanbeasspecificorgeneralasnecessarytoobtainmeaningfulresults.ExamplesofobjectsonasoftwaremarketingWebsitemightincludewhitepapers,FAQs,downloadablecode,brochures,productsupportphonenumbers,successstories,andsoforth.
IdentifyingtheseobjectsdependsuponwhatyouwanttodowiththemandwhethertheyalreadyexistonyourWebsite.Ifthegoalistobetterorganizeexistinginformationonasitethat'salreadyonline,youcanidentifyobjectsbysimplygoingthroughthepagesofthesiteandtakinganinventoryofeverythingonthesite.Ifyou'recreatinganewsiteorwanttoenhancetheinformationonanexistingWebsite,youshouldgatherinformationtodeterminewhatusersexpectfromthesitebasedonitsgoalsandmissions.TherearemanydifferentmethodsforcollectingrequirementsforaWebsite,andthemethodchosenwilldependontheamountoftimeandmoneyavailabletothedesigner.SeeTable1forbriefdescriptionsandcomparisonsofthesedifferentmethods,orsee"Findingoutwhatuserswantfromyourwebsite"foramoredetaileddescriptionofthemethodsandhowtoapplythem.
Table1:Comparisonoffiverequirements-andtask-gatheringmethods
Method:Focusgroup
Description
Pros
Cons
Focusgroupsessionsareconductedusingoneoftwomethods:traditionalorelectronic.Intraditionalfocusgroupsessions,amoderatorleadsaverbaldiscussionwithasmallgroupofindividuals(usuallyfewerthan10).Becausedatacaptureisdifficultduringthesession,thesetypesofsessionsareoftenvideotapedandthentranscribed.
Electronicfocusgroupsessionsusegroupwaresoftwaretocaptureelectronic"discussions"amongparticipants.Electronicfocusgroupsaremorestructuredthantraditionalfocusgroupsandallowforlessverbaldiscussion(althoughthereisstillafairamountofverbaldiscussion).Becausethediscussionsarecapturedelectronically,reportdataisavailableimmediatelyafterthesessionisconcluded.Additionally,becauseelectronicfocusgroupsessionsencompassavarietyofdifferentactivities,participantswilltoleratelongersessionsthanarepracticalusingthetraditionalmethod.
*Companiescancollectlargeamountsofdatainshortperiodoftime
*Sessionsarefairlyquickandeasytorun
*Electronicsessionscanprovidefairlydetailedreportsimmediatelyaftersession
*Methodcanbecostlyandusuallyrequiresatrainedmoderator
*Groupislimitedtofewerthan20participants
*Traditionalsessionsrequireasignificantamountofanalysisandinterpretation
Method:Iterativesurveys
Description
Pros
Cons
Usingtraditionalsurveytechniques,youcangatherandprioritizerequirementsthroughaseriesofsurveys.Thefirstsurveyincludesopen-endedquestions.Participantscanbepromptedwithalistofknownrequirementsoraskedtostartfromscratch.
Aftercollectingthedatafromthefirstsurvey,youmustremoveduplicateentriesandclarifyvagueresponses.
Thesecondsurveyasksparticipantstorateorrankthecompiledlistofrequirementsbasedonimportance(orotherfactors,ifrelevant).
Ifdesired,follow-upsurveyscangathermoredetailonspecificrequirements.
Note:Theresultsfromthismethodwillcloselyresembletheoutputofanelectronicfocusgroup.
*Remoteparticipation,includingnon-U.S.participation,iscost-freebecausenotravelisneeded
*Largesamplesizescanbeusedwithoutsignificantincreasestocostoroveralldataanalysistime
*Theentireprocesstakesbetweentwoand
Method:Exploratorysurveys
Description
Pros
Cons
Ifalargesurveyisalreadyplanned,thesimplestandleastexpensivemethodofgatheringrequirementsdataistosimplyaskuserstolistthespecificcontentitemstheywouldliketohaveonthesite.
*Surveyisinexpensiveandsimple
*Alargesamplesizecanbesurveyedinarelativelyshortperiodoftime
*Datawilllikelybedifficulttoanalyzeandcompile;Requiresafollow-upsurveytoprioritizerequirements
Method:Scenario-buildingexercises
Description
Pros
Cons
Scenario-buildingexercisescanbedoneinconjunctionwithothertask-gatheringactivitieswithlittleornoadditionalcost.
*Methodisinexpensiveandsimple
*Resultscomplementotherdataonrequirementsandtasks
*Questionnairegivesusersacontextinwhichtospecifyrequirementsandtasks
*Respondentsshouldreceivedetailedinstructionsandexamplescenarios,sothismethodworksbestinaone-on-onesituation
Method:Competitivereview
Description
Pros
Cons
Thismethodcanbedonewithorwithoutusers.AfteridentifyingcompetingWebsites,conductathoroughandsystematicreviewofthesesites.Thereviewshouldfocusoncontentandfunctionsmissingfromyourexistingsiteorsiteplan.
*Revi
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