序,如支持商业模式的D / 3,和支持协作模式的EPICS几乎是相同的。在该软件支持和升级证照的费用,相当于1.5倍的FTE's 。FTE's是关于人力资源的内容,对于支持新的硬件和升级EPICS是必要的。
结论
根据控制项目不同的规模和要求,整合的商业解决方案和基于协作应用程序的解决方案在百分之零到一百都有可能。。这适用于长远的技术支持。在安全问题上的特殊需要或人力资源的缺乏可能会扩大商机。接口专业硬件,掌控在手的谈判或商业解决方案的初始成本有可能促使大规模的合作。只要如EPICS的协作途径,保持最新并运行如商业方案一样稳定和强劲,它们就能在互补共生的控制世界中占有一席之地。
INDUSTRIAL AND COLLABORATIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS
- A COMPLEMENTARY SYMBIOSIS -
- Looking at today's control system one can find a wide variety of implementations. From pure industrial to collaborative control system (CCS) tool kits to home grown systems and any variation in-between. Decisions on the type of implementation should be driven by technical arguments Reality shows that financial and sociological reasons form the complete picture. Any decision has it's advantages and it's drawbacks. Reliability, good documentation and support are arguments for industrial controls. Financial arguments drive decisions towards collaborative tools. Keeping the hands on the source code and being able to solve problems on your own and faster than industry are the argument for home grown solutions or open source solutions. The experience of many years of operations shows that which solution is the primary one does not matter, there are always areas where at least part of the other implementations exist. As a result heterogeneous systems have to be maintained. The support for different protocols is essential. This paper describes our experience with industrial control systems, PLC controlled turn key systems, the CCS tool kit EPICS and the operability between all of them.
- INTRODUCTION
Process controls in general started at DESY in the early 80th with the installation of the cryogenic control system for the accelerator HERA (Hadron-Elektron-Ring-Anlage). A new technology was necessary because the existing hardware was not capable to handle standard process controls signals like 4 to 20mA input and output signals and the software was not designed to run PID control loops at a stable repetition rate of 0.1 seconds. In addition sequence programs were necessary to implement startup and shutdown procedures for the complex cryogenic processes like cold boxes and compete compressor streets.
Soon it was necessary to add interfaces to field buses and to add computing power to cryogenic controls. Since the installed D/3 system[1] only provided an documented serial connection on a multibus board, the decision was made to implement a DMA connection to VME and to emulate the multibus board's functionality. The necessary computing power for temperature conversions came from a Motorola MVME 167 CPU and the field bus adapter to th