uctstheclassicalcomputersciencetopicsof"systemsanalysisanddesign"--mappinginformationflowsanddatamodeling--withinaframeworkderivedfromindustrialdesign.Comparedwiththetraditionalapproach,ourfocusofattentionwillshiftfromsystemstoservices,mainframestonetworks,thedesktoptothestreet,organizationalworkplacestoinstitutionallyorganizedrelationships,cognitiontophysicalactivity,andindividualuserstocommunitiesofpractice.Theclasswillbeorganizedaroundpresentationsbyinterdisciplinaryteams,withminimallecturingandwrittenwork.Wewillattendcloselytothedesignprocess,andtheteams'ownexperienceswillbecomerawmaterialfortheirprojects.
Twobooksarerequired:DavidG.Messerschmitt,NetworkedApplications:AGuidetotheNewComputingInfrastructure,MorganKaufman,1999.Thisisanoutstandingplain-languageintroductiontothestructureofmoderninformationsystems.
DonaldA.Norman,TheInvisibleComputer,MITPress,1999.Thisisapolemicagainstthepersonalcomputerandinfavorofanewgenerationofdiverseandspecializedcomputingdevices.
Anotherbookisrecommended:
JeffreyL.WhittenandLonnieD.Bentley,SystemsAnalysisandDesignMethods,fourthedition,IrwinMcGraw-Hill,1998.Thisisathoroughintroductiontotheconventionalpracticeofsystemsanalysisanddesign.Ifyouaregoingtoworkwithpeoplewhohavetheconventionaltrainingthenitwillbeusefulreferencebook.ButasIsay,Iregardthismaterialasout-of-date.
Herearesummariesofthegroupprojectsfromweektoweek:Assignmentforweek2:Team-BuildingExercise.Everyonewritesdowntheirskillsetandgetscopiesofeveryoneelse's.Classmembersthenformthemselvesintoteams.Eachteam'smembersdiscusstheirpastandfuture,andhowtheycomplementoneanother.Theydrawadiagramthatgivesclearformtotheconclusionstheyhavereached,andtheydesignapresentationaroundit.
Assignmentforweek3:Seeinginformationhappen.Eachteamgetsadistinctassignment,allofwhichinvolvegoingoutintheworldandwatchinginformationhappen.Bringbackwhatyou'veobservedandshowus.Ifyouusewhatyou'velearnedinotherclassesaboutinformationseekingthenthat'sgreat.Butwereallywantyoutobeobservantandnamethings,andlearnhowtoshowwhatyou'veseeninawaythatchangeshowotherpeopleseetheworld.
Assignmentforweek4:Growthofthetechnology.Eachteamagaingetsadistinctassignment,thistimeinvolvinglibraryworkonthestateofinformationtechnologytenyearsfromnow.BecauseofMoore'sLawandrelatedphenomena,wecanpredictreasonablywellthequantitativepropertiesofcomputing.Processors,forexample,willbe100timesfaster.Whataboutmassstorage,memorychips,wirelineandwirelessbandwidths,penetrationratesofthetechnologiesbothdomesticallyandglobally,andsoon?Whatimportantstandardswillbewidelydeployedbythen?Showuswhatyou'vefound.
Assignmentforweek5:Layering.Buildingonlastweek,wewilldoanexerciseabouttheconceptofaplatform:aserviceuponwhichadiversityofotherservicescanbebuilt.Thehardpartisfiguringoutwhatbelongsinthegenericservice,andwhattheinterfaceshouldlooklikebetweentheplatformandtheservicesthatarebuiltonit.Thisisgoingtobeacentralconceptfordesigninthefuture.Bythistimewewillhavediscussedseveralexamplesofplatforms.
Assignmentforweek6:Showusyourcollaborationpatterns.Allthewhileyou'vebeendocumentingyourteam'sworkprocess.Thismightmeankeepingnotes,takingpictures,drawingdiagrams,videotaping,savingyourwork,etc.Youhaveprobablyalsosettledintosomethingofaroutine.Showushowyouworktogether.Alongthewaywewillofferseveralideasaboutwhattolookfor.Forexample,whereistheborderlinebetween"routine"and"improvised"?Thiswillbeimportantinthecomingweeksaswemesswiththetraditionalconceptsofsystemsanalysis.Thisisthefirstweekofasix-weekiterativedesignexercise.
Assignmentforweek7:Ontologyofcollaborativework.Datamodelingistheonlyideafromtraditionalsystemsanalysisthatisintellectuallyhard,sowewillspendsomeextratimeinclassworkinganexampleofit.Thenyourassignmentwillbetomodelthedatathatwillberequiredtoimplementoneormoreofyourprospectiveservices.Whereasearlierassignmentshavecalledonyoutoinventyourownrepresentationschemes,forthisassignmentwe'llhaveyouuseaconventionalnotationschemefordatamodels.Havingdoneso,sketchaninformationservicethatyoumightliketodesigntosupportcollaborativeworkactivities.
Assignmentforweek8:Servicedesign.Nowitistimetospelloutthedetailsofapotentialinformationserviceforcollaborativework.Toprepareforthis,thinkaboutyourservicefromseveralangles.Whatinstitutionalrolesarepeopleplayingastheyusetheservice?Wherearetheylocated?Whatactionsdotheyneedtotake?Whogetsaccesstowhatinformation?Whocreatesthedatathatgoesinthedatabases?Whichpartsofthedatashouldbestructured,andwhatshouldthestructurebe?Whatexistingservicesdoesyourserviceexchangedatawith?Andsoon.Havingexploredallofthesequestions,drawadataflowdiagramfortheserviceyouaredesigning,decomposingthedesignintoenoughcomponentprocessesanddatabasestogetaclearideaofitsproperties.
Assignmentforweek9:Informationdesign.Usingcardboard,crayons,glue,andothermaterialsfoundinkindergartenclassrooms,buildamockupofoneormoreofyourservices.Showwhatyourservicewilllooklikeinpractice,andtellushowitiscomprehensible.Wewillhavediscussedsomeexamplesofinformationdesign,includingseveralthathavenothingtodowithcomputers.WewantcomputerstobemorelikethediagramsinEdwardTufte'sbooks.WealsowantthemtobemoreliketheinformationappliancesthatNormanarguesfor.
Assignmentforweek10:Servicearchitecture.Havingsketchedfirsttheinsidesandthentheoutsidesofyourservice,itwillbetimetoreturntotheinside,applyingseriousarchitecturalconceptsthistime.Howaretheprocessesanddatabasesthatcompriseyourservicedividedamongthevariousnetworkeddevicesthattheyrunon?YouwillhavebeenreadingMesserschmidtthroughoutthequarter,andthisiswhereyouwillapplyeverythinginthatbook.
Assignmentforfinalsweek.Wedon'timaginethatanyonewillbearoundduringfinalsweektoseeyourwork,andsoinsteadwewillhaveeachgroupvideotapeafinalpresentationthatwecanputontheWeb.Thiswillincludeyourservicemockup,itsinformationdesignandinternalarchitecture,howitworkscognitively,howtheinformationflows,andgenerallyhowitworksasaserviceinthefullsense.
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