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Government Reform Government needs to adapt to its environment. Seventy encourages government to engage in responsible reform that promotes positive improvements for the city of Philadelphia. Whether reforms are meant to make city politics more ethical as a whole or are specifically directed towards elections or judicial matters Seventy plans to keep you informed about how the face of your government is changing. By knowing what changes are coming you can know what to expect or voice your opinion about the possible reform. The principles of government reconstruction: Government should steer rather than row provide a framework for non-government action rather than operate institutions. Government should decentralize and address problems from the lowest level of government possible Public agencies should compete with private agencies and should adopt a market orientation Government which work betters also costs less. Privatization and Public-Private Collaboration is very important: Privatization of local services has increased in the developed countries since the early eighties. The spread of the privatization movement is grounded in the fundamental belief that 1 market competition in the private sector is a more efficient way to provide government services and allows for greater citizen choice and 2 Private production is more efficient than public production. Both of these assumptions are subject to criticism - both from a theoretical and an empirical point. In the last decades many analytical efforts have been devoted to study the theoretical foundations as well as the empirical evidence on local privatization thus analyzing the factors explaining the privatization decision as well as the economic results from privatization. Empirical studies do not provide clear evidence on the costs and benefits of privatization. Moreover in practice concerns about service quality social equity and employment conditions raise skepticism of privatization. Within this general framework the key themes for the special issue are the following ones: Theoretical underpinnings for local privatization. Factors explaining the decision to privatize. Economic consequences of privatization: Form of production and costs. Monitoring activities and contracting costs as a consequence of privatization. Privatization market concentration and competition. Alternatives to privatization. Reverse privatization The suppression of compulsory competitive tendering in the UK in 1998. In American there are 10 steps to reform : Step1:Redistricting. Support the creation of an independent redistricting commission Step2:Campaign finance. The Senate should support the governors campaign-finance legislation and go to conference committee with the Assembly. Step3:Public authorities. Both houses should act on public authorities reform and go to a conference committee if necessary. Step4:Elections. The Legislature is debating implementation of the federal Help America Vote Act. We are concerned that the final agreement will create new obstacles to registration and voting. An Election Day voter registration option will go a long way toward eliminating potential obstacles to voting. Step5:Freedom of information. Require FOIL-able documents to be available on the Internet and close loopholes to strengthen the Freedom of Information Law. Step6:Ethics. The governor and legislators should agree to restrictions on gifts from lobbyists creation of an independent ethics commission and action to plug loopholes in the law. Step7:Budget. Take steps to ensure greater transparency and accountability in budgeting. A central component of reform must be creation of an Independent Budget Office modeled on similar offices in Washington D.C. New York City and other states which could check the spin of budget numbers that deny New Yorkers objective budget information. Step8:Legislative reform. Much more needs to be done to strengthen the power of rank and file membership and committees. In addition New York should create a New York state C-SPAN to give the public easy access to legislative proceedings. Step9:Lobbying. The Senate should quickly agree with the Assembly on enacting meaningful reforms. Both houses have proposed similar legislation that could be acted upon quickly. Step10:Constitutional convention. Support changes to the selection process for constitutional convention delegates. A review of local government reform in Scotland and Wales concludes that there is little likelihood of simple consensus in a process where so many have vested interests in the details of reform. A research team draw the following conclusions: The impetus to reform was partly based on the Governments view that there was a consensus to reorganize local government structure. This consensus weakened as the debate moved from principle to detail. The Government also rejected the more extreme options for reform in favour of less radical proposals. Part of the argument against the necessity of commissions was that final authority would lie with Parliament. However in this case a secure government majority meant that the Parliamentary process did little to alter government objectives. Although the Government initiated change in the hope of making local government more local the number of local authorities has fallen. There will be an increase in population per authority and the number of elected councillors in Scotland and Wales will also fall. The 1996 reorganization will replace a two-tier system with three tiers. There will be fewer local authorities but they will be augmented by a variety of supra-unitary joint boards for police and fire and in some cases sub-unitary area committees responsible for service delivery. The reorganization has been condemned by political opponents. It was based on a consultation process and the Government was criticized for ruling out independent commissions. Conflict between Government and Opposition There was conflict between the Government and Opposition for four reasons: The Government did not provide the independent commissions in Scotland and Wales advocated by the other parties Reform has taken place out with any package on constitutional reform Agreement on the principle of reform may be comparatively easy to achieve but the details of reform create winners and losers. The process in Scotland and Wales was characterized by the pursuit of self-interest by existing authorities professional bodies political organizations and the Government. The research argues that this is inevitable where important political decisions are involved and where the structure of local government is likely to influence the pattern of political control across the local government system. Although it is sometimes assumed that independent commissions will come up with authoritative and non-partisan recommendations the researchers conclude that the political nature of such exercises means they are not free from political manipulation and that this is particularly likely in the case of local government reform where political interests are at stake.
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